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Objective To explore the value of prenatal echocardiography in diagnosis of fetal ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Prenatal echocardiography was performed on 3 826 fetuses,and the results were compared with those of postnatal echocardiography or autopsy findings.The diagnostic accuracy,misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of prenatal echocardiography for VSD were calculated.Results Among 3 826 fetuses,VSD was found in 61 fetuses (61/3 826,1.59％) with prenatal echocardiography,including simple VSD in 36 fetuses (36/3 826,0.94％) and VSD complicated with other heart malformations in 25 fetuses (25/3 826,0.65 ％).According to the results of autopsy and postnatal echocardiography,the final diagnosis of VSD was found in 76 cases (76/3 826,1.99％),of which simple VSD was found in 51 cases (51/3 826,1.33 ％),VSD complicated with other heart malformations were found in 25 fetuses (25/3 826,0.65％).The diagnostic accuracy,missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of simple VSD with prenatal echocardiography was 58.82％ (30/51),41.18％ (21/51) and 1.06‰ (4/3 775),respectively.The diagnostic accuracy,missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate of VSD complicated with other heart malformations with prenatal echocardiography was 96.00％ (24/25),4.00％ (1/25) and 0.26‰ (1/3 801),respectively.Conclusion Echocardiography has important clinical value in prenatal diagnosis of fetal VSD,which can provide important references for treatment plan and prognosis evaluation.
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This paper aims to 137 cases of breast malignant tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology were collected. All patients received ultrasound examination and were not treated by radiotherapy or chemotherapy before operation. The preoperative ultrasound images of breast cancer patients and postoperative pathological characteristics of paraffin sections were retrospectively observed. Ultrasound indicators included tumor size, shape, ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension, edge of the spiculation and peripheral hyperechoic halo sign, internal echo types, micro calcification, posterior echo types, blood flow and signs of lymph node metastasis. The pathological indexes included histological type, infiltrating ductal carcinoma [IDC], histological grading, cancer tissue in the interior and edge of the lesion and stroma and expression of molecular biology indexes [ER, PR and C-erbB-2]. The correlation of ultrasound imaging of breast cancer and his to pathological type and grading were analyzed and the ultrasounic characteristics and the his to pathological features was compared; then to explore the correlation of ultrasonic imaging of breast cancer and the expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2. The tumor size of IDC [>2cm] was larger than that of the ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] and the early-stage IDC, with statistical significance [P<0.05], but compared with the specific carcinoma of breast [P>0.05]. The ratio of irregular mass of IDC was more than that of the specific carcinoma of breast [P<0.05], but without statistical significance compared with the DCIS and early-stage IDC [P>0.05]. The spiculate margin in the IDC was more than that of the early-stage IDC, DCIS and specific carcinoma of breast [P>0.05]. The ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension, peripheral hyperechoic halo sign, internal echo, micro calfication, posterior echo types were not related to the types of breast cancer [P>0.05]. The irregular mass rate in the III IDC were much higher than that in the I and II level IDC [P>0.05]. The posterior echo attenuation in the I IDC was much higher than the II and III IDC [P>0.05]. The tumor size, spiculate margin, peripheral hyperechoic halo, internal echo types, micro calcification were not significantly related to the histological grading of IDC. The tumor with larger size [>2cm], enhanced posterior echo, or lower internal echo will have a high histological classification and high rate of cancer tissue [P<0.05]. The tumor with enhanced peripheral hyperechoic halo sign will have a higher histological classification and higher rate of cancer tissue in the peripheral tissues, compared with the tumors without halo [P<0.05]. The tumor shape, ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension, spiculate margin were not significantly related to the internal tissues [P>0.05]. The ratio of the longest/ shortest dimension [>1], spiculate margin and halo signs were related to the positive expression of ER and PR [P<0.05]. The internal necrosis was related to the negative expression of PR, [P<0.05]. The tumor size, shape, posterior echo types and blood flow were not significantly related to the expression of ER, PR and C-erbB-2 [P>0.05]
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of fetal tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in the screening of chromosomal abnormalities at the first-trimester. Methods Screening for chromosomal abnormalities was carried out in 1 262 fetuses at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks. Ultrosound was performed to measure crown rump length and nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, and to acquire tricuspid waveform. All the neonates were followed up for 6 months after birth. Results Among the 1 262 fetuses, 68 were found to have TR. TR was present in 54 (4.4%) of the 1 239 chromosomally normal fetuses, and in 14 (61%) of the 23 with chromosomal abnormalities. Cardiac malformations were detectable in 28 fetuses. The prevalence of TR was 64%in those with cardiac malformations and 1.5%in those without cardiac malformations. Conclusions Tricuspid regurgitation is an effective predictor for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities at the first trimester.
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Purpose To probe into the value of M-mode echocardiography and spectral Doppler echocardiography in diagnosing fetal atrial premature beats.Materials and Methods Echocardiography examinations were given to the seventy-three fetuses around 16-40 gestational weeks which were found suffering from fetal arrhythmia in the clinical examinations by using M-mode echocardiography and spectral Doppler. Thirty-two of them were screened out with fetal atrial premature beats, and their ultrasonic cardiograms were analyzed. The follow-up visits were later conducted.Results Among the thirty-two cases with fetal atrial premature beats, fourteen were attacked frequently, and the other eighteen were attacked accidentally. Two cases were documented with muscular ventricular septal defect. Apart from two missing cases, the rest thirty cases were found to be recovered from arrhythmia before or after birth in the follow-up visits. The disappearance rate of atrialpremature beats in the fetuses attacked frequently by the disease before birth was clearly lower than that in those attacked accidentally (P<0.05). Muscular ventricular septal defect in the two cases were found closed after birth. Conclusion M-mode echocardiography and spectral Doppler echocardiography, as non-invasive imagining techniques to take antenatal examination of fetal arrhythmia, have advantages such as reliable, direct, convenient and can be used repetitively, therefore can provide important information for clinical treatment and prognosis.